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Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI)

Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI)

The Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) is a DNA-based analytical tool developed by researchers at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The index was designed to...

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Asbestos Bystander Exposure

Asbestos Bystander Exposure

Indirect exposures occur frequently at worksites where different operations are carried out in close proximity. This form of indirect exposure is commonly referred to as bystander exposure. Grandjean and Bach (1986) reviewed the literature on bystander exposures,...

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Asbestos Exposure and Mesothelioma

Asbestos Exposure and Mesothelioma

The association between mesothelioma and prior exposure is undisputed. Dodson et al. (2011) cites mesothelioma as a signal tumor for asbestos exposure and typically occurs decades after first exposure to asbestos ​(Dodson, Hammar, & Poye, 2011)​. Welch (2007) also...

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Thermal System Insulation (TSI) Asbestos – Related Exposure

Thermal System Insulation (TSI) Asbestos – Related Exposure

Thermal system insulation is comprised of a variety of different products. These include pipe and block insulation, insulation muds, mastics, and cloth. Pipe and block insulation, containing significant amounts of asbestos, have been used commercially since well...

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Potential Health Effects of Molds from Indoor Damp Spaces

Potential Health Effects of Molds from Indoor Damp Spaces

All fungal species have the potential to cause health effects. Molds produce allergens, irritants, and in some cases, mycotoxins that may cause reactions in humans. The types and severity of symptoms depend, in part, on the types of mold present, the extent of an...

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Types and Characteristics of Common Indoor Mold

Types and Characteristics of Common Indoor Mold

There is no accurate figure for the total number of fungal species that exist.  However, there have been estimates suggesting well over a million different species.  Currently, there are only about 100,000 described fungal species. Some selected fungal...

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Visible Dust and Settling Rates

Visible Dust and Settling Rates

In the case of asbestos, visible airborne dust represents hazardous concentrations above established occupational exposure limits. Warren Cook stated the following in 1942: “In the case of asbestos dust condition, our evaluation of the exposure should be based on the...

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Asbestos Exposure and Mesothelioma

Asbestos Exposure and Mesothelioma

The association between mesothelioma and prior exposure is undisputed. Dodson et al. (2011) cite mesothelioma as a signal tumor for asbestos exposure and typically occurs decades after first exposure to asbestos (Dodson, Hammar, &Poye, 2011). Welch (2007) also...

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